Red Swastika School Science Answers Key

Section A (60 marks)
Q No - Ans
01 - 2, 02 - 4, 03 - 3, 04 - 4, 05 - 4
06 - 3, 07 - 1, 08 - 1, 09 - 4, 10 - 1
11 - 2, 12 - 4, 13 - 1, 14 - 2, 15 - 3
16 - 1, 17 - 3, 18 - 4, 19 - 2, 20 - 4
21 - 2, 22 - 2, 23 - 2, 24 - 2, 25 - 3
26 - 4, 27 - 2, 28 - 2, 29 - 2, 30 - 3

Section B (40 marks)

31a - Cell wall
31b -The presence of chloroplasts.

32a -
32b-

33a - B : nutrients / sugar / glucose ; C : water
33b - It breaks down/digests food into simpler substances.
33c - Both provide nutrients for the organisms.

34a - He wanted to find out if an increasing / different / the amount of carbon dioxide would affect the population size of organisms living in the pond.
OR - He wanted to find out if the size of population of organisms living in a pond is affected by the amount of carbon dioxide in the water.

34b - Organism C. Its population size increased when the amount of carbon dioxide increased (1m), showing that they were reproducing due to an increase in rate of photosynthesis / they photosynthesise more (1m).
OR - Organism C. Its population size was the greatest (1m) as it is the food producer / the first organism in the food chain in the community (1m).

35a - Part R
35b - It would swell / become bigger.
OR - It would swell / become bigger and become a fruit. (1m)

36 - He should remove the light bulb from part X and put an equal number of live maggots in both parts. (to respond to moisture)
OR - He should replace the silica gel with moist cotton wool and put an equal number of live maggots in both parts. (to respond to light)

37a- Type of organism Letter(s)
Food producer - A, G
Herbivore - B, F
Carnivore - C, E
Omnivore - D
37b -

38a - Bird P’s beak is for scooping and catching prey in the water while Bird Q’s beak is for tearing the flesh of its prey.

38b - Bird P’s feet would be webbed to enable it to swim in the water to catch its prey while Bird Q’s feet would be sharp and curved to enable it to catch its prey from a distance in the air.

39a - When the conical flask was immersed in the basin of hot water, the air in the conical flask expanded and pushed the two drops of ink towards P and Q.

39b - When the temperature of the water in the basin increases, the time taken for the two drops of ink to reach P and Q decreases.
OR - When the temperature of the water in the basin decreases, the time taken for the two drops of ink to reach P and Q increases.

40a - Melting
40b - Point E. It cooled faster along EF than DE.

41a - 0% -X, Z, 100% - Y
41b - Good conductors of heat / Conductors of electricity: iron grille, aluminium can
Poor conductors of heat / Insulators of electricity: mirror, clear plastic, glass bulb, spectacle lenses, frosted glass, handkerchief, rice paper
OR - Magnetic: iron grille
Non-magnetic: aluminium can, mirror, clear plastic, glass bulb, spectacle lenses, frosted glass, handkerchief, rice paper
OR - Flexible: handkerchief, rice paper
Non-flexible: iron grille, aluminium can, mirror, clear plastic, glass bulb, spectacle lenses, frosted glass
OR - Metals: iron grille, aluminium can
Non-metals: mirror, clear plastic, glass bulb, spectacle lenses, frosted glass, handkerchief, rice paper
OR - Once alive / Biodegradable: handkerchief, rice paper
Never alive / Non-biodegradable: iron grille, aluminium can, mirror, clear plastic, glass bulb, spectacle lenses, frosted glass
(Other classifications: Water and non-waterproof, hard to break and easy to break)

42a - It can cause air/water/land pollution.
Or - Pesticide can be accumulated in the crops and affect its quality and harm the health of the consumer.

42b - Resistance to pests / Pest immunity

43a -
43b - Electricity will flow through the wire and heat up the nichrome wire, causing the paper spiral to spin.

44a - Any number between 6 and 9 i.e. 7 or 8
44b - Fewer fish was needed to be thrown into the sea as during high tide, the water level is higher and so the boat can float more easily.

45a - Iron / Steel / Nickel / Cobalt / Lodestone
45b - Bar P is made of a magnetic material (1/2m) and is attracted to the magnet. Magnetism is able to pass through glass (1/2m) which is not a magnetic material.
OR -Bar P is attracted to the magnet (1/2m). Magnetism is able to pass through glass (1/2m) which is not a magnetic material.
(if answer to (a) is lodestone)

46a - It tilted downwards to Container P. There are two holes in Container Q. Hence, the water in Q flows out at a faster rate (1m) than P, making Container Q lighter than P (1m).

46b- Move Container P nearer to the centre of the balance.
OR- Move Container Q further away from the centre of the balance.
OR - Move the string nearer to P.

Structural & Compre Cloze

Cloze (1)

Structural Cloze
1. P (where)
2. N (The)
3. M (to)
4. L (sometimes)
5. A (and)
6. G (on)
7. B (against)
8. Q (while)
9. J (over)
10. F (Most)

Compre Cloze
11. kitchen
12. sitting / resting/ lying
13. but
14. expression
15. thought / guessed/ deduced/ reckoned/ suspected
16. do
17. Neither/ Nor
18. looked / checked
19. wide
20. clenched / gnashed / ground/ gritted
21. However / Yet/ Nevertheless
22. in
23. reached/ aimed/ went
24. landed
25. shocked / surprised/ startled/ stunned/ embarrassed
26. by
27. throat/ illness/ sickness/ condition
28. of
29. quiet / silent/ motionless
30. breaths


Cloze (2)

Structural Cloze
1. C (and)
2. B (all)
3. P (with)
4. K (should)
5. D (but)
6. G (on)
7. L (so)
8. E (If)
9. F (off)
10. A (Above)

Compre Cloze
11. iceberg
12. distance
13. warning/ call
14. at
15. speed
16. The
17. so
18. phone/ receiver
19. Water/ Seawater
20. sink
21. Passengers
22. children
23. crew
24. proved
25. radio
26. out
27. than
28. air/ duty
29. received
30. about


Cloze (3)

Structural Cloze
1. G (it)
2. D (for)
3. Q (to)
4. P (through)
5. J (myself)
6. B (but)
7. K (on)
8. H (my)
9. N (that)
10. C (better)

Compre Cloze
11. back
12. heard
13. hardly/ barely
14. ears
15. shoulder
16. both/his
17. raised/ positioned
18. second
19. earlier/ before/ previously
20. watching
21. grabbed
22. toward/s
23. collapsed
24. pain
25. touch
26. blood
27. happening
28. race/run
29. felt
30. care


Cloze (4)

Structural Cloze
1. H
2. C
3. D
4. K
5. A
6. Q
7. E
8. G
9. M
10. B

Acceptable answers / (Unacceptable answers)
11. turned / (proved, came, went, started
12. porters, helpers, labourers, workers, women, Africans, natives / (servants, slaves, men, people, persons, assistants, members, climbers)
13. heavy / (gigantic, extra, huge, large, big, enormous)
14. hired, assigned, chosen, appointed, engaged / (employed, assembled, gathered, booked, formed, recruited)
15. point / (place)
16. us
17. plains, fields, spaces, areas, ground, places, land, lands, grassland(s) / (hills, grounds, jungle, valleys)
18. like / (as)
19. rose, sprang, appeared, protruded, emerged, surfaced / (grew, raised, built, arose, crept, formed, made, crawled, out)
20. of / (in, on, off)
21. in / (with, around)
22. drove, guided, led / (took, brought, sent)
23. drink
24. glimpse / (group, glance (at))
25. helped, served, seemed / (managed)
26. with / (by)
27. mountain / (hill)
28. prepared, ready
29. silenced /amazed / fascinated, mesmerised, mesmerized, astounded, overwhelmed, dumbfounded, surprised / (bewildered, puzzled, confused, stunned, shocked)
30. admiring, enjoying, appreciating/ (gazing, looking, soaking, scanning)


Cloze (5)

Structural Cloze
1. L (who)
2. F (down)
3. H (by)
4. C (that)
5. A (their)
6. E (in)
7. K (to)
8. D (because)
9. J (against)
10. P (throughout)

Structural Cloze
11. N (as)
12. Q (very)
13. D (over)
14. E (from)
15. L (who)
16. G (with)
17. H (by)
18. F (which)
19. K (for)
20. P (in)


Cloze (6)

Structural Cloze
1. G
2. J
3. C
4. E
5. A
6. K
7. M
8. P
9. Q
10. B

Structural Cloze

11. structures/parts
12. harmony
13. more
14. result
15. number/amount/proportion
16. of
17. require/need
18. the/a
19. or
20. who/that
21. they
22. problem/strain/pain/ache
23. such
24. Some/The
25. lead/contribute
26. at
27. looking
28. in
29. choice/combination/type/kind
30. imperative/important/vital/crucial


Cloze (7)

Structural Cloze
1. N
2. M
3. Q
4. A
5. G
6. C
7. H
8. B
9. D
10. E

Strucrural Cloze
11.cast
12.search/hunt
13.cordoned
14.meticulously/closely/ thoroughly/carefully
15.out
16.wearing
17.another
18.soaked
19.victims/women
20.informed/notified
21.scene
22.scream/cry
23.against
24.contain
25.mortuary
26.examined
27.remains/bodies
28.received
29.wounds
30.found/noted


Cloze (8)

1. E
2. C
3. G
4. K
5. B
6. F
7. P
8. M
9. N
10. A

Acceptable answers / (Not acceptable answers)
11. injuries
12. stretch
13. plunged, fell / (landed, dropped)
14. disrupted, affected, stopped, delayed / (terminated)
15. among, amongst
16. seated
17. carriages
18. hard, difficult
19. passengers, they / (many, people)
20. nationalities, particulars, citizenships / (passports, names)
21. train
22. derailed
23. affected, hit, weakened
24. soft, softened / (wet, muddy, slippery, damp)
25. occurred, happened
26. cut / (switched, shut, turned)
27. dark / (darkness, train, carriages)
28. river, water
29. waded , swam
30. scene


Cloze (9)

1. P
2. D
3. C
4. E
5. F
6. L
7. K
8. M
9. G
10. J

Acceptable Answers / (Unacceptable Answers)
11. death, report, story, tragedy, demise
12. removed, extracted / (operation)
13. coma / (sleep)
14. profusely, excessively, non-stop, continuously, severely / (non stop, heavily)
15. cause / (reason)
16. dental, emergency, outpatient / (medical)
17. made, reached
18. unusually, extremely, incredibly, awfully, unexpectedly, exceptionally, excessively, extraordinarily, alarmingly, astonishingly, amazingly / (enormously)
19. time, go, session, operation / (period, juncture, moment)
20. decay, infection / (problem(s))
21. danger
22. operation, extraction, treatment, surgery
23. suffered / (had)
24. According
25. involved / (performed)
26. led, contributed / (resulted)
27. rupture, rupturing / (damage, breaking)
28. knew, learned, learnt
29. before
30. wrongdoing, negligence / (fault, mistake)


Cloze (10)

Structural Cloze
1. H (by )
2. D (as)
3. K (with )
4. G (in)
5. B (who)
6. C (For)
7. N (but)
8. M (to)
9. P (on)
10. Q (after)

Comprehension Cloze
11. supposed/expected
12. traditional/old-fashioned/outdated/past
13. olden/those
14. children/members/people
15. do
16. after
17. Besides
18. cleaned
19. aged/elderly/sick/handicapped/disabled/ill/retarded
20. machines
21. modern/useful/other /household/advanced
22. today/nowadays
23. which/that
24. invaded
25. lady/women/female
26. profession/job/field/occupation
27. theirs
28. Most/Many
29. with/against
30. causes/reasons


Cloze (11)

Structural Cloze

1. N
2. G
3. E
4. H
5. L
6. Q
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. P

Comprehension Cloze
11. set / started
12. ached / hurt
13. ice, flesh
14. lifted
15. on
16. behind / with/ beside
17. obligation
18. was
19. reaching
20. catch, get
21. outstretched/akimbo/folded/crossed
22. towards, to, toward
23. shouted/yelled/ bellowed/ scolded/
said, cried, roared
24. fear/terror/panic/ shock/ alarm
25. telling/urging/ reminding/ tell/ urge/ remind
26. down
27. free/out
28. arms
29. firmly, firm, still, steady
30. strength/energy/power


Cloze (12)

Structural Cloze
1. (E)
2. (M)
3. (C)
4. (F)
5. (P)
6. (B)
7. (Q)
8. (J)
9. (A)
10. (N)

Comprehension Cloze
11. known
12. alive
13. adapt/ hide/ escape/ survive
14. blend
15. ability/ instinct
16. enemy/ enemies/ predator/ predators/ prey
17. moving/ movement/ creeping
18. forth
19. wind/ breeze
20. escapes/ eludes/ deceives/ fools/ tricks
21. resembles
22. from
23. itself
24. water(s)/ sea(s)/ ocean(s)/ seawater/ river
25. surviving/ survival/ adapting/ adaptation/ hiding/ camouflage/ camouflaging/ protection/escape/ escaping
26. contracts/ shrinks/ shortens/ compresses/ changes
27. animals/ creatures/ predators/ organisms
28. day/ daytime
29. night/ dusk/ darkness/ sunset/ nighttime/ nightfall
30. looking/ hunting/ searching/ scouting

Graphics Stimulus and Compre MCQ

GS&CMCQ(1)

Graphic Stimulus 1
1. (2)
2. (2)
3. (1)
4. (2)
5. (4)

Compre MCQ 1
1. (4)
2. (3)
3. (1)
4. (3)
5. (2)


GS&CMCQ(2)

Graphic Stimulus 2
1. (1)
2. (2)
3. (3)
4. (3)
5. (4)

Compre MCQ 2
1. (2)
2. (3)
3. (1)
4. (1)
5. (4)


GS&CMCQ(3)

Graphic Stimulus 3
1. (1)
2. (3)
3. (1)
4. (1)
5. (2)

Compre MCQ 3
1. (2)
2. (3)
3. (4)
4. (4)
5. (4)


GS&CMCQ(4)

Graphic Stimulus 4
1. (3)
2. (2)
3. (4)
4. (1)
5. (4)

Compre MCQ 4
1. (3)
2. (2)
3. (1)
4. (3)
5. (4)


GS&CMCQ(5)

Graphic Stimulus 5
1. (4)
2. (3)
3. (2)
4. (4)
5. (4)

Compre MCQ 5
6. (1)
7. (3)
8. (1)
9. (3)
10. (4)


GS&CMCQ(6)

Graphic Stimulus 6
1. (3)
2. (3)
3. (4)
4. (1)
5. (2)

Compre MCQ 6
6. (2)
7. (4)
8. (2)
9. (4)
10. (1)


GS&CMCQ(7)

Graphic Stimulus 7
1. (3)
2. (2)
3. (4)
4. (2)
5. (1)

Compre MCQ 7
6. (1)
7. (4)
8. (3)
9. (2)
10. (1)


GS&CMCQ(8)

Graphic Stimulus 8
1. (3)
2. (1)
3. (4)
4. (2)
5. (1)

Compre MCQ 8
6. (3)
7. (1)
8. (1)
9. (4)
10. (2)


GS&CMCQ(9)

Graphic Stimulus 9
1. (1)
2. (4)
3. (2)
4. (4)
5. (1)
6. (4)
7. (4)
8. (1)
9. (2)
10. (1)

Compre MCQ 9
11. (1)
12. (3)
13. (3)
14. (4)
15. (3)


GS&CMCQ(10)

Graphic Stimulus 10
1. (4)
2. (2)
3. (2)
4. (4)
5. (3)

Compre MCQ 10
6. (3)
7. (4)
8. (1)
9. (2)
10. (1)


GS & CMCQ(11)

Graphic Stimulus 11
1. (3)
2. (4)
3. (4)
4. (2)
5. (4)

Compre MCQ 11
6. (1)
7. (3)
8. (3)
9. (3)
10. (3)

Editing

Editing (1)
1. had
2. linguist
3. From
4. in
5. composer
6. of
7. appreciate
8. seen
9. commemorate
10. remarkable

Punctuation (1)
11. (2)
12. (4)
13. (3)
14. (1)
15. (2)


Editing (2)
1. began
2. gliding
3. astronaut
4. accelerated
5. gone
6. hung
7. unexpectedly
8. to
9. and
10. noticed

Punctuation (2)
11. (1)
12. (4)
13. (3)
14. (3)
15. (1)


Editing (3)
1. an
2. deliberately
3. by
4. supposed
5. address
6. photographs
7. needed
8. the
9. genuine
10. came

Punctuation (3)
11. (4)
12. (3)
13. (2)
14. (2)
15. (3)


Editing (4)
1. oldest
2. had
3. shook
4. prove
5. truth
6. patiently
7. but
8. bare
9. through
10. such

Punctuation (4)
11. (1)
12. (3)
13. (3)
14. (3)
15. (1)


Editing (5)
1. past
2. queuing/ queueing
3. saying
4. whipped
5. surprise
6. hoarse
7. raise
8. looking
9. with/ in
10. suspected

Punctuation (5)
11. (4)
12. (4)
13. (3)
14. (3)
15. (1)


Editing (6)
1. found
2. received
3. excitement
4. had
5. repeatedly
6. eagerly
7. exclaimed
8. You
9. continued
10. hung

Punctuation (6)
11. (1)
12. (1)
13. (2)
14. (3)
15. (4)


Editing (7)
1. tourists
2. through
3. run
4. operated/ operating/ operational
5. costing
6. at
7. Initially
8. foreign
9. manufacturer
10. trained

Punctuation (7)
11. (4)
12. (1)
13. (3)
14. (3)
15. (2)


Editing (8)
1. defuse
2. was
3. thrilling
4. forcing
5. evasive
6. swerve
7. opportunity
8. topic
9. fury
10. aggressive

Punctuation (8)
11. (1)
12. (4)
13. (3)
14. (3)
15. (4)


Editing (9)
1. recess
2. needed
3. wilful
4. conceived
5. embarrass
6. tuition
7. nonchantly
8. clasped
9. on
10. spun

Punctuation (9)
11. (1)
12. (1)
13. (4)
14. (4)
15. (4)


Editing (10)
1. to
2. fairly
3. devoid
4. vendors
5. those
6. wander
7. apparent
8. dotted
9. enticing
10. with

Punctuation (10)
11. (4)
12. (2)
13. (4)
14. (4)
15. (2)


Editing (11)
1. known
2. necessary
3. and
4. occasionally
5. and
6. hazardous
7. tunnels
8. go
9. much
10. that

Punctuation (11)
11. (1)
12. (2)
13. (3)
14. (1)
15. (4)

Synthesis & Transformation 10

1. John is more likely to choose the blue shirt than the white one.
2. Neither Peter nor Ali likes vegetables.
3. Could you please pass me the screwdriver that I handed you earlier?
4. The teacher would not punish you unless you did something wrong.
5. Carolyn said that she had told Betty to meet her the following day (or the day after).
6. As soon as the phone rang, the maid answered it.
7. As soon as the firemen received the call for help, they rushed out in the fire engine.
8. With regular exercise and drinking lots of water, your health will improve.
9. With regular vacuuming and mopping of the floor, it will be clean.
10. I apologized to him lest he get angry with me.
11. The party was held indoors owing to the rain.
12. Grandmother was too sick to get out of bed.

Synthesis & Transformation 9

1. Neither she nor her sisters speak Japanese. / Neither her sisters nor she speaks Japanese.
2. The house was broken into although the doors and windows were locked.
3. Sally said that she had handed in her work to Miss Low the previous day (or the
   day before).
4. As her house was very noisy, she could not concentrate on her studies.
5. They were overwhelmed with sadness upon hearing the tragic news.
6. Tim likes to swim as much as Jack. / Jack likes to swim as much as Tim.
7. With the exception of Mala, all of us have agreed to go to the zoo.
8. The bride fell over as she tripped over her skirt.
9. Passing the driving test did not make Meimei happy. / Passing the driving test failed to make Meimei happy.
10. Julie said (that) she had been summoned by her boss to see him in office the previous day (or the day before).
11. The use of performance-enhancing drugs is prohibited for athletes during competitions.
12. The use of calculators in this component of the Mathematics Paper is allowed.

Synthesis & Transformation 8

1. The guard checks the doors every night to make sure that they are locked.
2. The gardener adds fertilizer to her plants so that they will grow faster and healthier.
3. Neither Janice nor her sister was present at the meeting.
4. She could not do any of the sums because they were too difficult.
5. Mrs Lim told the children not to play in the rain.
6. They picked up the litter although they were not told to do so/it.
7. Unless he puts the dog on a leash, it will attack us.
8. My father likes neither yoghurt nor milk.
9. The monitor says that Alan has not finished his work.
10. Siti asked if (or whether) she had got to attend the meeting the next (or following) day.
11. Fanny asked Luke why he had taken her pencil-case without her permission.
12. If I had been present yesterday, I would have taken the Mathematics test.
13. Uncle Zanid, whom I ran into just now, promised to visit us soon.
14. Grandfather leads an active life in spite of the fact that he is already eighty years old. / Grandfather leads an active life in spite of being already eighty years old.

Synthesis & Transformation 7

1. It was too dark for us to see the burglar’s face clearly.
2. Siti, as well as her brothers, was rewarded for returning the wallet.
3. No matter how hard John tried, he was unable to come in first in the race.
4. The pianist whose performance was outstanding received the longest applause.
5. Mrs Lee apologised for having to leave the party so early.
6. By the time the refreshment arrived, the guests had already left.
7. Besides America, Sumathi is visiting England too.
8. All the pupils except Raju have paid their school fees.
9. Bill finds swimming more enjoyable than cycling.
10. Although the hostage was very hungry, he refused to eat the food which he suspected might be poisonous.
11. Unlike her colleagues, Joyce drives to work.
12. On the teacher’s advice to pull up his socks, Sam started studying hard every day.
13. Having eaten so much, Sharon felt uncomfortable.
    

Synthesis & Transformation 6

1. Out of respect for their guest-of-honour, the members of the audience sat down only after he had done so. / Out of respect, the members of the audience sat down only after their guest-of-honour had done so.
2. Mary whom I am waiting for is two hours late.
3. The doctor told the patient not to take his/her medicine before meals.
4. Betty and Cindy denied breaking the glasses. / Betty and Cindy denied (that) they were the ones who had broken the glasses. / Betty and Cindy denied being responsible for breaking the glasses.
5. Eunice could not recall/ remember where she had placed her book.
6. No matter how hard Kathy tries, she is unable to get a promotion.
7. Not only was her composition interesting, it was also neatly written.
8. After Charmaine had finished painting her room, she took a shower. / After having finished painting the room, Charmaine took a shower. / After painting the room, Charmaine took a shower
9. Jenny apologised and promised she would not make the same mistake again.
10. The laundry should be done while the baby is sleeping.
11. Seeing my look of confusion/ confused look/ confused expression, the kind passer-by asked me if he could help.
12. Due to the manager’s failure to lock the safe before leaving the store, theft resulted. / Due to the failure of the manager to lock the safe before leaving the store, theft resulted. / Due to the fact that manager failed to lock the safe before leaving the store, theft resulted.
13. Owing to the heavy rain, the basketball match was cancelled.

Synthesis & Transformation 5

1. He asked me whether I could lend him my dictionary. / He asked me whether he could borrow my dictionary.
2. In view of your good behaviour, I will excuse you this time. / In view of the fact that you have been well-behaved, I will excuse you this time. / In view of you being well-behaved, I will excuse you this time.
3. While waiting for the bus, I saw someone waving/ wave to me.
4. News of his daughter’s tragic death arrived as soon as he reached home from the office.
5. No matter how cheap the food is, Mary does not want to go to that restaurant again.
6. The food in the bowl was eaten by the cat.
7. Armed with guns, the burglars fought it out with the policemen.
8. Mr Chong wanted to know where John had gone the previous day (or the day before).
9. Despite Madam Tay’s age, she has an independent spirit and prefers to work. / Despite the fact that Madam Tay is old, she has an independent spirit and prefers to work.
10. Unless Father has a ladder, he cannot hang up the curtains. / Unless Father has a ladder, he cannot hang the curtains up. / Unless he has a ladder, Father cannot hang up the curtains. / Unless he has a ladder, Father cannot hang the curtains up.
11. Grandparents are often taken for granted by their grandchildren and treated rudely. / Grandparents are often taken for granted and treated rudely by their grandchildren.
12. Care is always taken by the school-bus driver in/ when driving the children to school.
13. Mother asked me how long I had taken to walk to school that day.

Synthesis & Transformation 4

1. The boys prefer hiking to canoeing.
2. Unless he studies hard, he will not do well.
3. Paul went shopping without informing his mother.
4. John told me that he had bought that pair of jeans at the sale.
5. Neither Meiling nor Dick is willing to clean the windows.
6. May asked her sister why she was in such a hurry.
7. The detective asked the suspect where he/ she had been at the time of the robbery.
8. James told me that he had just arrived in Singapore two days before.
9. Tom explained to me that he had been busy so he had not gone to the party the previous day.
10. Devi said that she had bought the air ticket the day before and would fly off to Austria the following day.
11. Not only is Maria intelligent, she is also witty and kind-hearted.
12. Pamphlets were given out by the salesgirl at the shopping mall to advertise the shop’s opening sale.
13. In spite of my foolish mistake, Mrs Lim did not reprimand me. / In spite of the foolish mistake I had made, Mrs Lim did not reprimand me. / In spite of the fact that I had made a foolish mistake, Mrs Lim did not reprimand me.

Synthesis & Transformation 3

1. They have chosen the site where they will camp for the night. / This is the site where they have chosen to camp for the night.
2. Seeing that everything was ready, the compere began the ceremony.
3. Not one of the boys from my class was chosen for the school team. / Not one boy from my class was chosen for the school team.
4. On his way to school, Lester helped an old woman carry her basket of fruit. / On his way to school, Lester helped an old woman by carrying her basket of fruit.
5. Cooking for ten hungry children is a task Mrs Koh does not enjoy doing. / Cooking for ten hungry children is not what Mrs Koh enjoys doing. / Cooking for ten hungry children is not what Mrs Koh enjoys. / Cooking for ten hungry children is what Mrs Koh does not enjoy. / Cooking for ten hungry children is a task/ thing that Mrs Koh does not enjoy. / Cooking for ten hungry children is not enjoyed by Mrs Koh. / Cooking for ten hungry children is not enjoyable for Mrs Koh. (note : ‘enjoyable’ cannot be followed by ‘to’)
6. Siti, together with several other dancers, is dancing to the music of the band.
7. Little does Ann realize how serious her operation is.
8. All but Joe were punished.
9. The sports meet will start at one if it does not rain. / The sports meet will not start at one if it rains.
10. Miss Lee asked May what she had done the day before/ the previous day.
11. I did not break the vase and neither did my sister. / My sister did not break the vase and neither did I. / The vase was not broken by me and neither was it broken by my sister.
12. On hearing from Margaret that his car had been hit by a motorcycle, Abraham ran out to check. / On hearing Margaret say that his car had been hit by a motorcycle, Abraham ran out to check. / On hearing Margaret tell him that his car had been hit by a motorcycle, Abraham ran out to check.
13. She seemed to be the only one who understood what I had said.

Synthesis & Transformation 2

1. Neither Jane nor her classmates knew the answer.
2. Mr Li whom you spoke to just now is the captain. / Mr Li, whom you spoke to just now, is the captain. / Mr Li is the captain whom you spoke to just now.
3. John asked (me) whether I could lend him my pen. / John asked (me) whether he could borrow my pen.
4. I do not know her well enough to ask her for help. / I do not know her well enough to ask for her help. / I do not know her well enough so I cannot ask her for help.
5. Alice’s application to study in Canada had been approved.
6. The little girl whom she met while shopping is her neighbour. / The little girl, whom she met while shopping, is her neighbour.
7. Dr Tan, whom I went to, gave me two days’ medical leave. / Dr Tan whom I went to gave me two days’ medical leave.
8. The nurse whom my mother is talking to now is my aunt. / The nurse, whom my mother is talking to now, is my aunt. / My aunt, whom my mother is talking to now, is a nurse.
9. Kelvin whom the teachers agree (that he) is a Maths genius is taking part in the Maths Quiz. / Kelvin, whom the teachers agree (that he) is a Maths genius, is taking part in the Maths Quiz.
10. Kumar asked where his shoes were.
11. The clothes were washed and hung on the line by Jennifer. / The clothes hanging on the line were (or had been) washed by Jennifer. / The clothes were washed by Jennifer and then hung on the line. / The clothes washed by Jennifer were hung on the line. / The clothes which Jennifer washed were hung on the line.
12. The shadow on the floor was cast by sunlight shining through the window. / The shadow was cast on the floor when sunlight shone through the window. / The shadow was cast on the floor by sunlight shining through the window. / The shadow on the floor was cast by sunlight shining through the window. / The shadow was cast on the floor due to sunlight shining through the window. / The shadow was cast on the floor as sunlight shone through the window.
13. Ann asked me not to tell anybody (about) what had happened.
14. Neither the maids nor the housekeeper was happy with Mr Lee. / Neither the housekeeper nor the maids were happy with Mr Lee.

Synthesis & Transformation 1

1. Dolly said that her cakes tasted better than Rosna’s.
2. Having no time to lose, we really must hurry.
3. Snow White lived deep in the forest where she was hiding from her stepmother.
4. Aldrin travelled a great distance to attend the interview only to be rejected for the job. (Do not accept : “only to attend the interview”)
5. Goliath is stronger and taller than me. / Goliath is stronger and taller than I am.
6. Moses has started walking to work so as to get more exercise.
7. Neither Jekyll nor Hyde likes smoking. / Neither Jekyll nor Hyde loves smoking. / Neither Jekyll nor Hyde likes to smoke.
8. Unless Georgie Porgie stopped kissing the girls, they would cry. / Unless Georgie Porgie stopped kissing the girls, he would make them cry. / Unless Georgie Porgie kissed the girls, they would not have cried. / Unless Georgie Porgie kissed the girls, he would not have made them cry.
9. Linda cannot attend the performance unless she has the ticket.
10. Curiosity caused Tom to start shaking his toy. / Tom’s curiosity caused him to start shaking his toy. / It was Tom’s curiosity that caused him to start shaking his toy.
11. Joseph’s forgetfulness in doing his homework three days in a row caused the teacher to get (or become) angry. / Joseph caused the teacher to become angry as he forgot to do his homework three days in a row. / Joseph caused the teacher to become angry by forgetting to do his homework three days in a row. / The teacher’s anger was caused by Joseph forgetting to do his homework three days in a row. / The teacher’s anger was caused because Joseph forgot to do his homework three days in a row. / Joseph forgot to do his homework three days in a row which caused the teacher to become angry.
12. The cause of the accident was the driver’s negligence. / The cause of the accident was due to the driver’s negligence.
13. Despite being tired, I could not sleep. / Despite my tiredness, I could not sleep. / Despite the fact that I was tired, I could not sleep.